Caesium is an alkali metal and has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium. Caesium is a very soft (it has the lowest Mohs hardness of all elements (0.2)), very ductile, silvery-white metal, which develops a silvery-gold hue in the presence of trace amounts of oxygen. Caesium metal is highly reactive and very pyrophoric. In addition to igniting spontaneously in air, it reacts explosively with water even at low temperatures, more so than other members of the first group of the periodic table. The metal is extremely reactive and pyrophoric, reacting with water even at -116 °C (-177 °F). It is the least electronegative element that has stable isotopes, of which it has only one, caesium-133. Caesium is mined mostly from pollucite, while the radioisotopes, especially caesium-137, are extracted from waste produced by nuclear reactors.
Although the element is only mildly toxic, it is a hazardous material as a metal and its radioisotopes present a high health risk in case of radiation leaks.
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